Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that affects both men and women. While most infections resolve on their own, certain strains of HPV are linked to the development of cervical cancer, a major health concern for women worldwide. Dr. Mansi Gupta, Senior Consultant OBG & Laparoscopic Surgeon, is dedicated to educating women about the risks of HPV, its connection to cervical cancer, and the preventive measures that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of developing this life-threatening condition.

In this blog, we will explore HPV, its link to cervical cancer, and how women can protect themselves through vaccination, regular screening, and lifestyle choices.

What is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses. Some of these viruses are harmless and cause common warts on the skin, while others can affect the genital area and lead to significant health problems, such as cervical cancer.

HPV is primarily spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, and it is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. While most HPV infections are temporary and go away without causing harm, some high-risk strains can persist and cause abnormal changes in the cervix, leading to cervical cancer.

The Link Between HPV and Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, but it is also one of the most preventable forms of cancer. Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infections with high-risk strains of HPV, particularly types 16 and 18. These strains are responsible for around 70% of cervical cancer cases.

The infection can lead to changes in the cells of the cervix, known as precancerous lesions or dysplasia. If left untreated, these abnormal cells may eventually develop into cervical cancer. However, this process can take many years, which is why early detection is crucial.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

In its early stages, cervical cancer may not show any noticeable symptoms. This is why regular screenings are vital for early detection. As the disease progresses, women may experience:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (e.g., between periods, after sex, or post-menopause).
• Unusual vaginal discharge.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Pelvic pain or discomfort.

These symptoms can also be linked to other conditions, so it's important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Preventing HPV and Cervical Cancer

While HPV is widespread, there are several effective ways to protect against the strains of the virus that can lead to cervical cancer. Dr. Mansi Gupta recommends the following preventive measures for women:

1. HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective ways to prevent infection with high-risk strains of HPV. The vaccine is most effective when administered to preteens (boys and girls) aged 11-12, but it is also available for adults up to the age of 45. The vaccine protects against the types of HPV most commonly associated with cervical cancer (types 16, 18), as well as some that cause genital warts.

Although the vaccine is most effective before sexual activity, it can still be beneficial for those who have already been sexually active.

2. Regular Screening: Pap Smear and HPV Testing

Early detection is key to preventing cervical cancer. Dr. Mansi Gupta recommends that women undergo routine screenings, even if they feel healthy, as cervical cancer may not present any symptoms in the early stages.

• Pap Smear: A test that collects cells from the cervix to detect abnormal or precancerous changes.
• HPV Test: A test that checks for the presence of high-risk HPV types in the cervix.

For women aged 21-29, a Pap smear should be done every three years. Women aged 30-65 can opt for a Pap smear every three years or a combination of a Pap smear and HPV test every five years. After age 65, most women can stop screening if they have had normal results.

3. Safe Sexual Practices

HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, particularly during sexual activity. Using condoms during sex can reduce the risk of contracting HPV, although they do not provide complete protection. Limiting the number of sexual partners and practicing safe sex can lower the risk of HPV infection.

4. Avoid Smoking

Smoking weakens the immune system and increases the likelihood of persistent HPV infections. Women who smoke are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer if they are infected with HPV. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to improve overall health and reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

Treatment of Cervical Cancer

If cervical cancer is diagnosed, treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer, the overall health of the patient, and other factors. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgical procedures may involve the removal of the cervix or surrounding tissues affected by cancer.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation is used to target and kill cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
• Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight the cancer.

When cervical cancer is detected early, the chances of successful treatment and survival are greatly improved. This is why regular screenings are so important.

When to See a Doctor

Even if you are asymptomatic, it is important to maintain regular check-ups and screenings with a gynecologist. If you experience any of the following symptoms, it is crucial to consult Dr. Mansi Gupta or another healthcare provider immediately:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause).
• Unusual vaginal discharge.
• Pelvic pain.
• Pain during intercourse.

Conclusion

HPV is a common virus, but when it comes to cervical cancer, prevention is key. Through HPV vaccination, regular screenings, and safe sexual practices, women can significantly reduce their risk of developing cervical cancer.

Dr. Mansi Gupta, Senior Consultant OBG & Laparoscopic Surgeon, is committed to providing expert care to help women protect their health and prevent cervical cancer. If you have concerns about HPV, cervical cancer, or your reproductive health, schedule a consultation with Dr. Gupta to learn more about how you can safeguard your health today.

Early detection and prevention are the best ways to fight cervical cancer—take action today to ensure a healthy tomorrow.